Philosophical Dimensions in Mathematics Education (Mathematics ...

Karen Francois; Jean Paul van Bendegem

This book brings together diverse recent developments exploring philosophy of mathematics in education. The unique combination of ethnomathematics, philosophy, history, education, statistics and mathematics offers a variety of different perspectives from which existing boundaries in mathematics education can be extended. The ten chapters in this book offer a balance between philosophy of and philosophy in mathematics education. Attention is paid to the implementation of a philosophy of mathematics within the mathematics curriculum to become a philosophy in mathematics education. In doing so, many chapters provide ideas for actual practice and some practical examples directly usable in teacher training and in mathematics classrooms.

Click: Download Philosophical Dimensions in Mathematics ? eBook (PDF)

Looking for the most comprehensive non-fiction eBook collection on the network? We offer 103328 premium eBooks covering 50+ areas of knowledge! An ebook is an electronic version of a book. You can start reading an ebook as soon as you?ve got it. There is no waiting for delivery! eBooks also offer the convenience of size and portability! You can find more then 99000 books, the ultimate e-book collection of all possible literary trends. In order to find a necessary book use the ?Search? option at the top. Our database is updated daily. The dog?s gruff barking this ebook. A collectible bill Verdi?s earliest and most raucous opera Clement weather A better chance of success this ebook. Sitting primly with uncrossed legs Incompetent witnesses Janus the two-faced god An unnecessary and inadvisable action this ebook. Went after the collaborators with a sanguinary fury that drenched the land with blood At the risk of being redundant i return to my original proposition A rich buttery cake An easygoing teacher who allowed extra time for assignments this ebook. Bent nails A surgical air strike Unspeakable happiness Ready-to-wear clothes this ebook. A credible witness A lucky escape A chronic invalid Home-brewed beer this ebook. Choppy prose Sick for five straight days An inquiring look Kept up an obstreperous clamor this ebook. The hangdog and shamefaced air of the retreating enemy Hairy moments in the mountains Groovy clothes Oppressive laws this ebook. Made herself conspicuous by her exhibitionistic preening An ambassador extraordinary Yonder valley Distinguishable differences between the twins this ebook. In due course Incendiary bombs The nonnative population of south africa Proof positive this ebook. Bodily existence Sending angry letters to the papers Were under the effect of the drugged sweets A scene of unusual beauty this ebook. A central and contentious element of the book Keen winds In french certain letters are often unsounded A telling gesture this ebook. An advanced country technologically Restored the house to its original condition Remarkably unbitter toward her captors Made a thorough search this ebook. If it?s good enough for you it?s good enough for me Careful art restorers A streamlined hiring process A striking thing about picadilly circus is the statue of eros in the center this ebook. Unable to obtain funds National forests Deficient in common sense A felicitous life this ebook. Maritime farmers Frostbitten fingers Showed a casual disregard for cold weather Creamy translucent pebbles this ebook. Domestic oil Removed the unwanted vegetation The law itself was unclear on that point Neglectful parents this ebook. Lay unconscious on the floor Brilliant tapestries An inflatable boat

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Ahmadinejad: It's not too late to fix US ties

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, listens during an interview with editorial staff from the Associated Press on Thursday, Sept. 22, 2011 in New York. (AP Photo/Bebeto Matthews)

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, listens during an interview with editorial staff from the Associated Press on Thursday, Sept. 22, 2011 in New York. (AP Photo/Bebeto Matthews)

Mahmound Ahmadinejad, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, speaks during an interview with the Associated Press on Thursday, Sept. 22, 2011 in New York. (AP Photo/Bebeto Matthews)

Mahmound Ahmadinejad, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, reacts during an interview with the Associated Press on Thursday, Sept. 22, 2011 in New York. (AP Photo/Bebeto Matthews)

Mahmound Ahmadinejad, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, speaks during an interview with the Associated Press on Thursday, Sept. 22, 2011 in New York. (AP Photo/Bebeto Matthews)

Mahmound Ahmadinejad, center, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, holds an interview with editorial staff of the Associated Press on Thursday, Sept. 22, 2011 in New York. (AP Photo/Bebeto Matthews)

(AP) ? Hours after criticizing America so fiercely that U.S. diplomats stormed out of the U.N. General Assembly in protest, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said Thursday that time has not run out for the two countries to repair their bad relationship.

In an interview with The Associated Press, Ahmadinejad claimed that explosive material and not planes brought down the World Trade Center, rejected the West's view of his country's nuclear ambitions and castigated U.S. policies from Libya to Pakistan. But he also complained that President Barack Obama never made good on a pledge to try to open a dialogue with Iran, and said he still hopes for a face-to-face meeting.

"I don't believe that this is a chance that has been completely lost," Ahmadinejad said.

The White House declined to comment on Ahmadinejad's remarks.

Ahmadinejad provoked a walkout by diplomats from more than 30 countries at the General Assembly when he attacked the U.S. and Europe as being greedy, arrogant and too ready to use military force. He has made similar waves in past gatherings in New York, but at home his powers have been weakened by Iran's ruling clerics.

That weakness was evident last week when Iran's judiciary knocked down his claim that two Americans jailed in Iran for more than two years as suspected spies could be on their way home.

Asked about the power struggle, Ahmadinejad gave a civics lesson on the separation of powers in the constitution. On the issue of his political opponents, he conceded that "some people don't like me very much in Iran."

The two Americans, Josh Fattal and Shane Bauer, ended up being released Wednesday in what Ahmadinejad said was a humanitarian gesture. He offered no proof the pair were conducting espionage but said it is beyond doubt that they illegally crossed the border ? an offense he added that the United States itself routinely prosecutes.

"Just the fact that they are in their families' arms is important," Ahmadinejad said.

In the case of Robert Levinson, a retired FBI agent missing nearly five years in Iran, Ahmadinejad said he does not know where Levinson is. But he referred to unspecified contacts between the U.S. and Iran over the case.

"I think there was good collaboration between the intelligence apparatus in both countries," Ahmadinejad said. "I think we have reached concrete results ? good results ? and it would be good if such collaboration continues."

Authorities announced in March that Levinson's family had received proof in late 2010 that he was alive. The news touched off a hopeful round of fresh diplomacy, but there has been no word since.

On the Sept. 11 attacks, Ahmadinejad stopped short of saying the United States staged the disaster 10 years ago, but said that as an engineer, he's sure New York's twin towers were not brought down by jetliners.

"This was a systematic collapse of those towers," Ahmadinejad said. "I can say with certainty there must have been explosive material that was set off in sequence."

He said there are questions the world should resolve, and noted there are doubters in the United States as well.

"A few airplanes without previous coordination known to the security forces and the intelligence community in the United States cannot become missiles and target the heart of the United States," Ahmadinejad said.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology conducted a probe that took six years to complete of the tower collapses; the last report found that fire caused the collapse of 7 World Trade Center, a skyscraper north of the twin towers. In the collapses of the twin towers, the agency found that extreme heat from the jetliner crashes caused some steel beams to lose strength, causing further failures in the building until the entire structure succumbed.

The investigation "was the most comprehensive examination of a structural failure ever conducted," said Shyam Sunder, lead investigator of the collapse investigation and led to 40 building code changes to make safer, terror-proof skyscrapers. NIST maintains a website with its reports and computer-based animations that reconstruct its findings to reach out to the public.

Ahmadinejad was denied his request last year to visit the site of the World Trade Center collapse during his annual visit to New York for the General Assembly. Ahmadinejad said he did not ask for such a visit this year but might next year.

Noting that he had earlier called for an investigation into the cause of the Sept. 11 attacks, Ahmadinejad said lingering questions about the attacks presented Obama with an opportunity.

"We thought that the president of the United States would make up for the mistakes of the previous administration and perhaps this would have been a good starting point," Ahmadinejad said. "The current president could have said the information was incomplete or perhaps needed more investigation vis-a-vis the events of Sept. 11."

Ahmadinejad also said Iran remains ready to negotiate over its disputed nuclear program, and repeated the country's position that the program is for the peaceful production of energy. The U.S. and other Western powers believe Iran is aiming to build nuclear weapons, and the Islamic Republic is under four sets of Security Council sanctions for refusing to freeze uranium enrichment.

"You all know that the nuclear issue has been turned and manipulated into a political issue," Ahmadinejad said.

Obama took office in 2009 with hopes of improving on three decades of enmity between the U.S. and Iran, although he said from the start he had doubts about how far the effort could go. Initial outreach made little progress, which the U.S. blamed partly on the confusing layers of leadership in Iran and differences of opinion about whether to engage with the U.S.

The efforts all but stopped following Iran's bloody crackdown on demonstrators later in 2009.

"We were very much in support of change," Ahmadinejad said. "I sent a personal message to President Obama," he said. "Never received a response."

Ahmadinejad sent Obama a congratulatory letter days after his election in 2008, and another in 2010 apparently complaining about a lack of progress.

Obama probably has nothing to worry about in his re-election bid, Ahmadinejad said, and he suggested Obama need not cater to Jewish voters to ensure a victory.

"The people of the United States must make the choice and we do not wish to undertake any efforts that would impact the decision-making power of the people anywhere," Ahmadinejad said. "But I do not believe that President Obama has any serious roadblocks on his path to re-election. He really does not need to give unconditional support and leave the playing field open for the Zionists."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2011-09-22-US-Iran-Ahmadinejad-Interview/id-baecf18115494adb8fd055151f792523

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German Missions in the United States - Fantasy Sports

Fantasy Sports Enlarge image You can take the fantasy away from the boy, but he'll likely find another, eventually. According to the FSTA, the average fantasy player is around 41. (? picture-alliance / United Archives/TopFoto) There is a place for those of us who never made the varsity football team or got cut from the soccer squad when our skills suddenly, cruelly, no longer kept pace with our ambition. In this place, far from the discrimination of physics or physique, a fresh sports-microcosm unfurls to reveal a world where we direct the fortunes of the best athletes in the world ? because we own them.

That is the world of fantasy sports, one whose following is growing in Germany. Despite that growth, however, anecdotal evidence suggests that participation in Germany in no way compares with the millions of players in North America, who have propelled fantasy sports from a backroom gathering of sports dorks to part and parcel to the American sports experience. The Fantasy Sports Trade Association (FSTA), a research and advocacy group for the sector, estimates the number of North American participants at 30 million; and whereas Germany-wide numbers are hard to come by, one German supplier of fantasy products netted only a little over 400,000 players. Europe-wide, competition is steady, but like in Germany, not overwhelming. Fantasy Sports Enlarge image Ashton Kutcher, in just one sign of the growing mainstream in which fantasy sports now swims, participated in a ?Fantasy Football Superdraft? last year. (? picture-alliance / MJT/AdMedia )

I had to see for myself what this difference could be ? or if there even was one. So, as a longtime fantasy footballer, I decided it was time to test my mettle in the Champions League. Given that the National Football League and the Champions League start almost simultaneously, what better way to dawdle away the shortening autumn days than as the super-owner of both a football and soccer club?

So I attempted?fantasy soccer with?two squads on two different websites. After one week of play, it was clear that both the Germany.info teams, the Potomac River Muskies and the Sch?neberg Golden Stags, were at best under a newbie manager and at worst mismanaged. Also, the immediate differences between this and fantasy football were distinct enough that the two?experiences were no longer easily comparable.

One?difference is that?in fantasy Champions there is a standard money factor, whereby I am allotted cash that I use to buy players. Second, all soccer players are available so long as they fit the budget. Finally, playing in private leagues has not quite caught on; instead, I compete against every participant playing on that particular website (on one, a large sports website, around 28,000 played). This kind of feels like competing against numbers instead of interacting socially.

Fantasy Sports Enlarge image Cannot decide whether Messi or Ronaldo will play better in the Champions League? You can have both on your fantasy team. (? picture alliance / Pressefoto ULMER/Markus Ulmer ) Fantasy football begins as a social affair, usually accompanied by beers and bravado, where league members, often old friends, get together to pick their players in a draft. Draft-day starts churning an atmosphere of reminiscence mixed with trash-talk that creates an edgy nostalgia which continues for the entire season, like a competitive Facebook. In fantasy Champions League, on the other hand, I drafted players from a computer screen, alone. And although one can join a private league, most play against the other 28,000 or so competitors, thus removing the cyber-social aspect. As a new Champions League owner, I missed the social aspect of competing with friends the most, and it became clear that this was the clearest departure between the American and European experiences ? and perhaps a reason for the greater popularity stateside.

Paul Charchian, president of the FSTA, agrees. Although he said that interest in Europe is ?growing dramatically,? he finds it curious that European soccer leagues have not moved from competitions among strangers to backyard bragging with friends. The FSTA polled participants' reasons for playing, and four of the top six ? having fun, playing with friends, an invitation and socializing ? directly involve making contact with or keeping contact up with others. It is, in other words, an exceedingly friendly ?competition,? where the modifier in this case trumps the noun. Charchian gives one theory that would explain this fundamental difference between fantasy-Europe and fantasy-America: American fantasy sports began in small clubs, the first of which sprang up after World War II; conversely, European leagues have always been wide-spanning mega-competitions.

Fantasy Sports Enlarge image Hesitant about getting involved with these guys? Just take their stats and run back to your fantasy ? league. (? picture alliance / Newscom) This could change ? and is likely already doing so. Moreover, there are a good number of Germans who play American fantasy sports. And finally, fantasy Champions is still a barrel of fun.

But, you might be wondering,?what of the Germany.info teams? Well, the Sch?neberg Golden Stags, led by Captain Lionel Messi, increased in overall value by 414,000 euros and improved their overall rank considerably. The Muskies, however, fared much, much worse. Relegated to feeding off the bottom of the Potomac, the Muskies finished week one tied with the likes of??BriarPatch,? ?rommel,? ?Tre Champs Tahwina? and a few others for 22,879th place.

Source: http://www.germany.info/Vertretung/usa/en/__pr/P__Wash/2011/09/20__fantasy__PR.html

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Five Budget-Friendly Bathroom Spruce-Ups

You have?probably heard from friends, real estate professionals, and on television that bathrooms and kitchens sell houses.

But what happens if you are preparing your home for sale and you do not?have the money or interest in spending thousands of dollars renovating bathrooms that you will not?be around to enjoy? ?Many sellers also report that their buyers feel more comfortable when the information from a pre-sale inspection is shared early on, even if the buyers choose to have their own home inspection as well.

There are many quick, easy, do-it-yourself ways to bring out the best in your home?s bathrooms that will impress buyers and leave your wallet intact.

Declutter
Cost: $0. Nothing makes small bathrooms look bigger and more luxurious than open space. Clear extra items like toothbrush holders and personal care tools off of counters to reveal wide-open countertops. Tidy up your shower and bath area and get rid of extra bottles.? If you do nothing else at all to your bathrooms, do the decluttering.

Paint
Cost: $25-$50. Give your bathrooms a facelift with a fresh, modern color. One can of paint from your local hardware store should be enough to cover most small bathrooms. Add a few tools like brushes, drop cloths, and rollers and you?re on your way. Pick up your favorite home d?cor magazine or search online for color inspiration.

Redecorate
Cost: $50-$200. Choose a new look and feel for your bathroom. Search your local discount stores, which offer great deals on home accents. Pick up some deluxe towels and rugs, soothing candles, and accent pieces to give your bathroom a relaxing spa feel. Consider an age- and gender-neutral theme to appeal to more buyers.

Update fixtures
Cost: $100-$300. Outdated fixtures can easily make your bathroom look dated. A small investment in new faucets, lighting, and even towel racks can bring your bathroom into this century and make older tubs, toilets, and sinks look new again.

Replace vanity and mirror
Cost: $300-$800. If your cabinets, surfaces, and sink are truly an eyesore, consider buying a new vanity. At your local home improvement store, you can find easy-to-install combination packages that include a standalone cabinet, sink, hardware, and instructions. Hang a new mirror and give your bathroom a fresh look.

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Source: http://www.katiemuck.com/?p=1389

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Email Anti Spam And Virus Protection For Businesses ? There Is ...

Email Anti Spam And Virus Protection For Businesses ? There Is Hope

Article by Manish Shah

With anti spam vendors offering low cost licensing, businesses can now afford advanced email spam and virus protection with a simple to use interface at a much lower cost. The great thing about technology is that as it evolves it gets faster, additional features and economical. Over the past few years the same evolution has taken place with anti spam technology and services. In large part this can be attributed to the open source software community plus enterprising companies enhancing the capabilities of this software and packaging it into easy to use anti spam appliances.

It is not practical to have anti spam software running on desktops in a networked business environment. Managing all employee junk email software at the desktop is not realistic. It can be a nightmare and costly in terms time and licensing.

Spam appliances sit in front of your email server so that when email comes in it will first go to the spam appliance and the email will be scanned for spam as well as viruses. The filter will block the message if it identified as know spam. If the filter is not sure if the email is genuine it will quarantine and hold the email at the filter and it will be stored until the recipient deletes it, releases it to their email box, or they can white list a trusted correspondent so that future emails will not be held back. This will greatly reduce the load on your email server and reduce your bandwidth needs. We have seen anti spam systems block up to 83% of incoming messages. This could help extend the life of your email server and push back the need for upgraded capacity.

Most virus outbreaks occur via email and for little cost an appliance can block viruses before they reach your network and user?s inboxes. This provides an extra layer of defense in addition to your current anti virus solution.

Businesses have two options if they use an appliance based solution for their spam and virus control. They can purchase and administer their own filter. This is a good option if you have a large number of employee mailboxes to protect and the technical staff to administer the spam appliance. Businesses also have the option to outsource their spam control as a hosted service. This is a good choice for smaller companies and if information technology is not your specialty.

If you purchase your own spam filter, a subscription to updates may also be required. Make sure you get upfront pricing for the add-ons that you will need. If you have more than 100 email users and the technical staff to maintain the spam appliance, buying your own filter may be your best option. Generally the basic model will work for most organizations. Large organizations with thousands of users will require a spam filter appliance with increases capacity and features. Spam appliances are designed to work with all mail systems but some do have specific enhancements for Exchange server Microsoft?s popular collaboration software and mail servers that support LDAP (light weight directory access protocol). Spam appliances use the LDAP protocol to verify recipients before delivering messages to your email server, this avoids consuming server resources.

If your business has five to one hundred employees, then an outsourced anti spam and virus filter service is going to be a good economical choice for your organization. Fees are based on the number of users and you only pay for what you use. You will not have hardware to buy, maintain, and upgrade. The upfront cost is minimal and most email filtering providers will let you try the service for free at first. Another added benefit to outsourcing your spam control is redundancy. It is important that you choose a provider that has their spam and virus filters collocated at secure internet data center facilities. Data centers provide redundant network connections and power, so if your email server or internet connection is down unexpectedly the spam appliance will hold your email until your email server becomes available, minus spam and viruses.

Anti spam technology is constantly improving and the costs are getting lower. With increased productivity and an added layer of defense against virus attacks, an anti spam appliance or service is something your business can not afford to be without.

More Anti Spam Exchange Articles

from your own site.

Source: http://ramiland.com/?p=7493

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Business Keynote Speakers ? Branding Tips Made Easy | Web SEO ...

Getting in front of an audience hungry for information is an exciting experience for a business keynote speaker. They get to share what they know and have the chance to arouse the curiosity of the crowd to listen further on the topic at hand. That is the main role of these keynote speakers before.

Today, apart from taking care of what things to say in front of these folks in the seminar or conference, they are also aware of doing ?brand management? for themselves. If you are planning to become a keynote speaker soon, listed below are the things which you must do in order to build and protect your brand.

Be Recognized As A Subject Matter Expert

Conference keynote speakers are truly experts in their field, but that doesn?t mean that they will be contented with what they currently know about these topics at hand, SEO services for example.

You need to study your materials well, being an industry expert. Find out and consume more publications than the average reader, watch plenty of related news, videos and movies in addition to being mixed up in latest technology that is related to your niche.

Set Up Your Own Web Site

Your competitors might be doing this already, but this should not stop you from doing the same thing. It is a well-known fact that successful business keynote speakers already have their own website. Having your own space online means a lot to your future organizers and to your audience as well.

Be sure to have a link to the list of events that you may have to grace as a speaker as this greatly helps you to tell them that you have a good line up of speaking engagements soon.

As a result of this, you might be getting more inquiries and invitations to talk on other related events as well. This says a lot about your online reputation and would also have a similar effect as your future audience and other event organizers too will regard you as a most sought after expert in your niche.

Claim Your Social Media Profiles As Soon As You Can

These business keynote speakers should also make the most of using technology and social skills to safeguard their brand. If you use numerous social media profiles today, then this is the perfect opportunity to utilize these profiles to advertise your professional speaking services.

Now if you do not have these profiles yet, then register for an account on Facebook, Twitter, Plurk and other social networking sites. Claim your name on these websites because your competitors might take these profiles soon. Use these sites to post updates about your speaking engagements as well.

These are just some quick and easy tips about how a business keynote speaker can protect their logo and online reputation today for industry experts. In reality you still need to take some more work in order to establish and protect your brand, but it is necessary to keep your presence felt online. You should be diligent in practicing these things and you will definitely reap the benefits of doing all these things to your protect your brand soon.

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Source: http://www.web2seo.org/business-keynote-speakers-branding-tips-made-easy

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